Prior to this study, Ret has not been implicated in dendrite development.
Interestingly, the TIP60 complex has been implicated in dendrite patterning of olfactory projection neurons of Drosophila (Tea and Luo 2011), a wiring process that is also regulated by the miRNA pathway (Berdnik et al. 2008).
Regulation of protein synthesis through phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) and eIF4E-binding protein by the PI3K Akt mTOR pathway has also been implicated in dendrite growth, branching, and spine morphogenesis in cultured hippocampal neurons (Jaworski et al. 2005; Kumar et al. 2005).
Thus far, no RBPs have been implicated in dendrite development in PVDs or other neurons in C. elegans, although a PVD-specific expression profile suggests that 47 RBP-encoding genes are enriched in expression in the PVD over other cells (Smith et al. 2010).
The implicated chromosomal regions were defined by microarray analysis, the patient had a trisomy 1q41-qter of 30.3 Mb in extension comprising about 240 protein coding genes and a monosomy 3p26.3-pter 3p26.3-pterncluding ofly the genes CNTN6 (MIM 607220) and CHL1.7MbM 607416), whincludingbeen implicated in dendrite develonlynthe
Accordingly, inhibition of E11/gp38 expression in osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells has been shown to block dendrite elongation, suggesting that E11/gp38 is implicated in dendrite formation in osteocytes [ 59].
Rho family GTPases, particularly rac1, have been implicated in actin dynamics and dendrite morphogenesis of sensory neurons (Lee et al., 2003) and are a common target of both RTK and integrin signaling in many systems (reviewed in Ivaska and Heino, 2011).
FMRP has been implicated in transporting mRNAs to dendrites [ 14- 16] and can be regarded as a potential candidate to assist in pre-miR transport as well.
In mammalian central neurons, the release of retrograde signals from the dendrites has been implicated in long term potentiation and synapse growth (Lledo et al., 1998), negative feedback (Magnusson et al., 2008), neuronal development (Fitzsimonds and Poo, 1998) and systemic signaling (Ludwig et al., 2002).
Moreover, ER structural dynamics may have implications on local protein synthesis in dendrites, a process that has been implicated in synaptic plasticity [45].
As APP has also been implicated in axonal outgrowth [ 45, 51, 52, 55] it is conceivable that alterations in dendritic complexity of APP-KO and APP/APLP2-DKO neurons might also be related to changes in axonal projections leading to reduced synaptic input e.g. in distal regions of CA1 apical dendrites.
