Similarly, the anterior insula has repeatedly been implicated in risky decision-making and is thought to encode the negatively valenced affective aspects involved in risk [39], [40], [41], [42].
The anterior insula has repeatedly been implicated in risky decision-making and is thought to encode the negatively valenced affective aspects involved in risk [39], [40], [41], [42], [43].
These regions have been implicated in perceptual decision-making (for a meta-analysis, see Keuken et al., 2014), which consists of multiple subprocesses.
The posterior parietal cortex (pPAR) is also implicated in decision-making (for reviews, see Krain et al. 2006; Platt and Huettel 2008; Kable and Glimcher 2009).
Using functional MRI, we examined how gambling decisions and their underlying neural responses were modulated by prior risk experiences, with a focus on the insular cortex since it has been implicated in interoception, emotion and risky decision-making.
For example, it has been shown that neurons in a region of the parietal cortex of the monkey, which has been implicated in attention and decision making, increase their firing rate as a function of elapsed time in anticipation of a salient event.
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been implicated in mechanisms underlying perceptual decision making (Frank 2006; Fleming et al. 2010a, b; Simen et al. 2006; Bogacz and Gurney 2007; Bogacz 2007; Bogacz et al. 2010a; Cavanagh et al. 2011).
Testosterone has been implicated in the regulation of emotional responses and risky decision-making.
At the feedback stage, greater activation was also observed in the medial frontal gyrus (BA 6 a region which has also been implicated in motor planning of tasks such as decision making, discrimination, and reasoning (Talati and Hirsch 2005).
