Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) overexpression has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis, with putative prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine-threonine kinases, has been implicated in breast cancer progression (Urtreger et al., 2012).
Furthermore, estrogen stem cell cross talk has been implicated in breast cancer progression and results in increased tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion.
The ribosomal protein p70S6K has been implicated in breast cancer cell response to post-surgical inflammation, supporting the hypothesis that it may be crucial also for breast cancer recurrence.
This will include molecular and cellular alterations that are known to contribute to breast cancer in humans, as well as pathways and processes that have been implicated in breast cancer on the basis of animal models.
LPA and its receptors, LPA1 and LPA2, have been implicated in breast cancer [37].
The protein EXOC4 is part of the exocyst complex that has been implicated in breast cancer invasiveness [33].
β-ADR has also been implicated in breast cancer.
PPARα has not been implicated in breast cancer previously.
Moreover, in vitro its activation has been implicated in breast carcinoma progression [ 86].
It has also been implicated in breast cancer metastasis to bone [ 30].
