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More recently, HDL protein modifications have been implicated as pathogenic factors directly or indirectly involved in atherosclerosis diseases.
While many cell types have been implicated as pathogenic in this disease, a growing body of literature demonstrates the potential role that dendritic cells (DCs) may play in the development and perpetuation of disease in SLE (reviewed in [ 1]).
Although many molecules, including inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6 and growth factors, have been implicated as pathogenic factors in RA, the coagulation system is also involved in the inflammatory processes in RA synovitis.
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In addition, COX-2 and 5-LOX products derived from arachidonic acid, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are responsible for the microvasculature failure, and are implicated as pathogenic mediators in endotoxemia [ 12].
SpeB also known as nephritis plasmin-binding protein (NPBP), is an extracellular cysteine protease that has been implicated as a pathogenic (causative) antigen in PSGN [39], [40].
At least 4 Ehrlichia species have been implicated as being pathogenic for canids and humans (1 – 3 ).
Aβ1-42 is more amyloidogenic and has been implicated as the pathogenic form of Aβ [ 9].
Hyperadrenergic activity with potassium shift from extracellular to intracellular medium has been implicated as the pathogenic mechanism.
IL-1 has been implicated as a pathogenic mediator in numerous inflammatory and degenerative conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) [ 1].
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) aggregation and accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) have both been implicated as key pathogenic 'triggers' [ 5].
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a growth factor that has been implicated as a major pathogenic factor in exudative AMD as it stimulates angiogenesis and increases vascular permeability.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com