Several antioxidant enzymes, including Cu-Zn-SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and mitochondrial Mn-SOD have been implicated as crucial endogenous antioxidant enzymes in biological systems.
The mechanism of LCL-30-mediated cell death in CT-26 remains unclear, although ceramide has been implicated as an endogenous mediator of caspase-independent programmed cell death (Thon et al, 2005).
In plants, nitrate reductase has been implicated as a generator of endogenous NO that brings about the closure of stomata (Desikan et al., 2002), and nitrate and nitrite reductases generate NO in bacteria (Corker & Poole, 2003; Vine et al., 2011).
For example, endogenous IDO has been implicated as one mechanism by which maternal tolerance toward the fetus is maintained [2].
Impairment of the endogenous analgesic systems has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development and maintenance of many chronic pain conditions including TMD [77].
Based on preclinical studies, endogenous intrarenal adenosine has been implicated as a causative factor in contrast-induced nephropathy.
Recently, endogenous inflammasome activation in retinal disorders has been implicated as either protective or detrimental to neuronal cell death.
Overall, the commensal yeast Candida albicans is the most common fungal isolate in patients with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis, although other Candida strains have been implicated as causative organisms including Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, and more recently Candida dubliniensis [1].
Diminished endogenous dopamine and dysregulation of dopaminergic receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway has been implicated as one pathophysiologic mechanism for primary burning mouth syndrome [3, 4].
