Both of these mechanisms have been implicated as contributing to AS pathogenesis, but the degree of their contribution to the overall pathogenesis of AS remains speculative.
Many risk factors such as diet, lifestyle, hormones, age, and race have been implicated as contributing to the risk of prostate cancer; however, family history is the single most significant and reproducible risk factor known, where men with two or three first degree relatives with prostate cancer had a five and 11-fold increased risk of developing prostate cancer, respectively [2], [3].
In summary, rare structural variants have increasingly been implicated as contributing to ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Although pollution exposures have been indicated for some types of cardiovascular diseases, many other environmental risk factors, including lifestyle and obesity, have been implicated as contributing causes.
Treatment with corticosteroids and some other Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) has been implicated as contributing to the increased susceptibility to infection [ 5, 6].
While the molecular mechanisms leading to hypertrophy in GLUT4 null mice are likely complex, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and oxidative stress have been implicated as contributing factors [ 29, 24].
Differences based on cultural, religious, family and social support were implicated as contributing to these findings.
Stress is one of many causes that has long been implicated as a contributing factor for the development of obesity1.
Biomechanical strategies to decelerate the body in the vertical direction have been implicated as a contributing cause.
Since its introduction in the United States in the 1960s, artificial playing surfaces have been implicated as a contributing cause to ACL injuries.
Red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), has been implicated as a contributing factor to oak decline and mortality in forests of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
