CAs located in the mitochondria have been identified in algae, plants and animals [6], [8], [41] [43].
Multiple homologs of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, such as diacylglcyerol acyltransferases, phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphatases, have been identified in algae [ 19, 20].
Some lineage-specific selenoprotein families have been identified in algae as well (Lobanov et al., 2009; Novoselov et al., 2002; Palenik et al., 2007).
However, this pathway has not been identified in many algae, with the exception of its recent identification in unicellular green algae [1].
However, many species that are able to produce high amounts of lipids have not been analyzed in detail, and production of specific PUFAs have therefore not been identified in all algae that could turn out to be important producers (Hu et al., 2008b).
Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, close structural analogues of 38 and 39, have also been identified in this alga by pyrolysis-GC/MS [ 80], while conventional GC/MS has identified campesterol and β-sitosterol [ 79].
Additional CesA and Csl genes have also been found in diverse and not fully sequenced land plants such as maize [ 7], barley [ 8] and pine [ 9]; CesAs have been identified in streptophyte green algae such as Mesotaenium caldariorum [ 10, 11] and in red alga Porphyra yezoensis [ 12, 13] as well.
Although "lignin-like" compounds have been identified in primitive green algae [6, 7], the presence of true lignins in nonvascular organisms, such as aquatic algae, has not been confirmed [2, 3, 8, 9].
Natural brominated compounds have recently been identified in some marine algae, mammals and birds [ 32– 32].
99b Although the gene encoding NiSOD, sodN, has been identified in eukaryotic green algae, it is mainly found in bacteria.
Within the Viridiplantae, serpin genes have been identified in unicellular green algae, bryophytes, gymnosperms and flowering plants [ 22].
