Sentence examples for been fixed by selection from inspiring English sources

It was therefore surprising to discover that there is still allelic variation at this locus (e.g. that it has not been fixed by selection) in a breed such as the French Trotter that has been selected for more than a century on racing performances.

We can suggest that populations carrying the new variant might have spread from a founding clone of B. atticus females, in which the new variant has been fixed by selection and genomic turnover mechanisms allowed by automictic parthenogenesis.

This might be because these two traits are not included in the French LW breeding objectives, so that QTL that affect these traits are less likely to have been fixed by selection than QTL for traits included in selection.

Both results supported a "selective force" model: indels in the short introns are more likely to be fixed by selection or by genetic drift.

Furthermore, more intense sampling would allow the detection of additional cases of parallel amino acid replacements, which might be the earliest sign that certain mutations are being fixed by selection and could soon provide significant fitness advantages.

This change in the proportions of resources allocated to growth and adaptation in the new medium increases growth rate and fitness, the mutations responsible for this change being fixed by selection.

Thus, the evolutionary potentials ρ c (and the scaling exponents α c ) have a particularly simple interpretation: they give the average relative rate with which additions and deletions of domains in category c are fixed by selection.

The above-mentioned rationale also explains the persistence of intermediate-frequency alleles in M despite the narrower bottleneck since intermediate-frequency alleles are less likely to be eliminated by drift and more likely to be fixed by selection (Olson-Manning et al. 2012).

Under such a scenario, the derived favoured mutation at the selected locus responsible for the star-shaped clade of alleles at the neutral locus (A1* in Figure 5) would have been fixed by positive selection in populations of the North Sea only while being counter-selected in populations of the Bay of Biscay.

This uses polymorphism and divergence data to estimate the proportion of non-synonymous differences between a species pair that have been fixed by positive selection, and the ratio of the rate of substitution of positively selected non-synonymous mutations to the rate of synonymous substitutions (ω a).

When early human agriculturalists exploited this character, they were thus taking advantage of a tissue that had been fixed by natural selection tens of millions of years earlier.