The strong modulations found in the 90 100-ms range demonstrate that, in the current paradigm, endogenous attention is expressed in modulation of activity during early stages of sensory processing.
The activation of the lower-tier visual areas suggests that attention may be expressed in a modulation of activity at the earliest hierarchical stages; however, it is possible that the modulation of activity in those areas reflects feedback of later processing (e.g. Martínez et al., 1999).
This differentiation is expressed in call numbers and call modulation respectively and indicates that ravens possess long-term memory not only for categories based on familiarity ("former group members") but also for the valence of their relationships to them (former affiliates or nonaffiliates).
The largest group of modulated genes (Cluster D) is expressed in a non-specific manner, with variable modulation throughout the experiment, in both the incompatible and compatible interactions.
Monocomponent amplitude-modulation frequency-modulation (AM-FM) signals are expressed in the form of time-varying sinusoids by sleft tright) =a(t cos left int_{-infty }^{t}omega_{i}left int_{-inftydtau +theta_{1}right), (1).
LF values were normalized (LFn) by total power to exclusively reflect sympathetic modulation [31] and were expressed in normalized units, while HF values were expressed in adimensional units to reflect parasympathetic activity.
The time-domain circular convolution of the modulation process can be expressed in the frequency domain as [4] mathbf{x} = frac{1}{N}mathbf{W}_{N}^{mathrm{H}} sum limits_{k=0}^{K-1} mathbf{P}^{ k)} mathbf{G} mathbf{R}^{ K,M } mathbf{W}_{M} {mathbf{d}^{text{r}}_{k}}^{mathrm{T}}.
These data demonstrate that SOCS proteins are expressed in human melanoma cell lines and their modulation can influence the responsiveness of melanoma cells to IFN-α and IFN-γ.
TASK-1/K2P3.1 TASK-1/K2P3.1 TASK-1/K2P3.1functionandmembers TASK-3/K2P9.1 TASK-3/K2P9.1ssed in theymphocytwo and contribute to the modulation ofunctionalffector function including interferon- γ (IFN-γ) and IL-2 secretion as well as T-cell proliferation.
AhR is expressed in all tissues, and plays an important role in modulation of immune response45.
