Although the biological function of NDRG1 has been explored in several types of cancer, very little is known about its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Given the success of imatinib mesylate therapy of chronic myeloid leukaemia and GIST, the molecular targets for this drug have been explored in distinct types of cancer.
Recently, anti-cancer activity of resveratrol has been explored in various types of cancer including pancreatic cancer, myeloma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer via the regulation of multiple pathways [ 10- 13].
However, the expression status of the PP2A holoenzyme complex subunits, specifically PPP2R2A, as a biomarker has hardly been explored in any cancer type, including BC.
Mobile element activity has previously been explored in several cancer types, by various methods.
This hierarchical cancer stem cell model has been explored in other cancer types using similar xenotransplantation models (Bomken et al, 2010).
Although COD has been explored in various cell types, such as HaCaT cells, hippocampal cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells, the apoptotic mechanism is largely unclear.
Indeed, the potential of circulating miRNAs as serum biomarkers has been explored in a number of tumour types [ 64].
The extent to which these challenges impede implementation of the HsW model has been explored in applications to osteoarthritis [ 9], Type 2 Diabetes [ 10, 11], hypertension and harmful life style behaviours [ 12, 13].
