Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(4)
Preconceptual paternal occupational or environmental exposures have not been established as causes of any childhood cancer.
Various genetic and environmental factors have been established as causes of breast cancer, which is a genetically heterogeneous disease [ 2- 4].
Other genetic polymorphisms have been hypothesized to alter the risk of COPD but have not been established as causes of this condition.
Both genetic and environmental factors have been established as causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD for example, coronary heart disease, stroke, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (Edwards et al. 1999; Stephens and Humphries 2003).
Similar(56)
Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD) are established as causes of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, renal carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Recording a verdict of accidental death, the senior Surrey coroner Richard Travers said he was "satisfied on the balance of probabilities that carbon monoxide toxicity is established as cause of death".
The oncogenic, anogenital types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are established as causing about 4.8% of all human cancers worldwide, particularly cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers.
If one factor is established as causing another, then the two factors are most certainly correlated.
In recent years, respiratory viruses have been established as significant causes of mortality and morbidity in the older population [ 1– 5].
Eating red meat has not yet been established as a cause of cancer.
To date, there is no evidence that mobile phone usage increases cancer risk – The World Health Organisation state that "no adverse health effects have been established as being caused by mobile phone use".
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com