IDH gene mutations have been documented in solid tumors and de novo AML (Chou et al. 2010; Yan et al. 2009).
Consistent with these preclinical data, bortezomib has been effective in clinical trials for myeloma (Richardson et al, 2003, 2005; Jagannath et al, 2004) and responses have been documented in solid tumours, including renal cancer (Kondagunta et al, 2004), small cell and non-small cell lung cancer (Lara et al, 2006a, 2006b), and prostate cancer (Hainsworth et al, 2007).
Furthermore, the importance of RPN2 in tumor prognosis and therapeutic implications has been documented in other solid cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ 54, 55], osteosarcoma [ 56, 57] and breast cancer [ 50].
Consistent with our findings, chemoresistance as an attribute of ALDH+ cells has been documented in different solid tumours including lung cancer and primary MPM specimens [ 8, 21, 26, 29, 35].
Cancer stem cells were first identified in acute myeloid leukaemia (Lapidot et al, 1994), and recently, have also been documented in various solid tumours, including those of breast (Al-Hajj et al, 2003), brain (Singh et al, 2004), lung (Kim et al, 2005), colon (O'Brien et al, 2007), prostate (Collins et al, 2005) and pancreas (Li et al, 2007).
Long-term sexual dysfunction has been documented in patients with solid tumours (Schover 2005; Webber et al, 2011).
Gene amplification or copy number gain of c-MYC have also been documented in non-lymphoid solid tumours including cancers from breast, ovary, prostate, bone, and brain (Liao and Dickson, 2000; Ghadimi et al, 2003; Morrison et al, 2005; Darcy et al, 2009; Perez et al, 2011; Zitterbart et al, 2011; Fromont et al, 2013).
Centrosome amplification has been documented in many types of solid and haematological malignancies, and was recently shown to contribute to cellular invasion (Chan, 2011; Godinho et al, 2014).
This type of evolution has been documented in other leukemias and solid tumors, suggesting that acquired resistance is a common feature of relapse (Diaz et al., 2012; Ding et al., 2012; Awad et al., 2013).
These cells, so called "tumor initiating cells" (TICs) or "cancer stem cells" (CSCs), have been documented in most circulating and solid tumors as well as in numerous established cancer cell lines[ 2].
Mutations involving up-regulation of PDGF and/or PDGFR, as well as PDGFR-dependent growth stimulation, have been documented in a number of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, suggesting a likely role of this pathway in carcinogenesis [ 10, 15].
