Many new molecular mimicry candidates were discovered from human parasites, in particular from B. malayi, S. mansoni and P. falciparum, most notably a sequence shared between human vitronectin and several of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variants.
A novel human sperm membrane antigen, SAMP32 (sperm acrosomal membrane-associated protein 32), was discovered from human sperm extracts [ 104].
A variety of new human pharmaceuticals have been discovered from snake venoms, including several which are in clinical trials.
A great deal of fundamental information on the biology of the human brain can be discovered from efforts such as ENIGMA, irrespective of whether it has a direct relevance to any specific disease.
Recently, 5 novel astroviruses have been discovered in human fecal samples from patients with diarrhea or acute flaccid paralysis (4 – 7 ).
Toxic nanoparticles from air pollution have been discovered in human brains in "abundant" quantities, a newly published study reveals.
Recently, the PA-X protein has been discovered in human influenza, which is translated from an alternative open reading frame within the PA gene coding sequence, resulting from a ribosomal frameshifting.
Furthermore, ICLCs have been discovered in human liver fibrosis by Fu et al. [7]; therefore, primary GISTs might originate from the liver.
Since the identification of human FRAT1, an additional homologue has been discovered in the human genome.
