Despite the development of FRET based sensors, which measure changes between two GFP variants to assess second messengers, sensors have also been developed which measure changes in fluorescence intensity of a single circularly permuted fluorescent protein (cpFP), e.g. for Ca2+ sensing [ 184].
Several fluorescent reporters for metabolites have recently been developed, which transfer substrate-specific conformational changes of a ligand-binding domain into fluorescence ratio changes of attached chromophores [21] (Figure 1A).
Recently, newer assays for cardiac troponin (cTn) have been developed which are able to detect changes in concentration of the biomarker at or below the 99th percentile for a normal population.
In addition, for each parameter, the concept of an anomaly's inertia has been developed, which defines how long a given change remains significant for forecasting purposes: for example, if a new fracture opens today, for how many days will this count as an "anomaly" before it is no longer significant?
In an attempt to address this problem a new AG/SAG mill model has been developed which incorporates the capability to respond to changes in most design and operational variables.
In recent years, a new system for caries assessment has been developed which codes range from the first visual change in enamel to an extensive cavity in dentine (ICDAS II).
Hence a knob can be developed, which shows change rates varying depending on its rotation speed.
Having recognized that the African DRR Strategy and Plan of Action were not coordinated with the HFA, the Extended Programme of Action for the Africa Regional Strategy for DRR (2006 2015) (AU and UNISDR 2010) was developed, which incorporated climate change adaptation, DRR, and sustainable development.
In this paper, a variation of the digit span task is developed which reliably induces rapid changes of cognitive load to generate task-evoked pupillary responses (TEPRs) associated with large, within-task load changes.
Building on the current knowledge of the underlying drivers of landscape change, a conceptual framework of regional landscape change was developed which integrated population, economic and cultural values, policy and science/technology.
