Based on extensive EST collections, Affymetrix GeneChip platforms have now been developed for wheat [ 18].
Despite these barriers, a broad range of genomic resources have been developed for wheat.
Comprehensive Affymetrix GeneChip platforms have now been developed for wheat based on extensive EST collections http://www.plexdb.org/index.php.
In the past years, several elite panels have been developed for wheat and barley, notably for European germplasm.
Large expressed sequence tag (EST) databases have been developed for wheat and these have been successfully mined for SNPs using contig alignments and/or resequencing [ 8, 10, 11].
A knowledge model with temporal and spatial characteristics for the quantitative design of a cultural pattern in wheat production, using systems analysis and dynamic modeling techniques, was developed for wheat management, as a decision-making tool in digital farming.
During this period, integrated low-input strategies have been developed for winter wheat, to cope with falling grain prices and growing environmental concerns.
Comprehensive Affymetrix GeneChip platforms have now been developed for both wheat and barley, based on extensive EST collections for both species (Ref. [ 26]; ).
However, recently, sequence-based comparative maps have been developed for rice-wheat [ 48] and sorghum-rice [ 49] that enhance the resolution considerably.
Consensus maps have been developed for many crops, including wheat [ 3], sorghum [ 4], and potato [ 5].
Therefore, in recent years, EST-SSRs have already been developed for various crops such as wheat and rice [ 21- 25], barley [ 26- 28], grape [ 29], tomato [ 30], sugar cane [ 19], coffee [ 31- 33], oil palm [ 34] and rubber tree [ 35].
