Six treatments were designed, including two drip tape arrangement modes and three irrigation water concentration levels (0.24, 4.68, and 7.42 dS m−1).
Three-core parallel displacement experiments were designed, including two matrix cores (with permeability difference ratios of 10) and one fractured core.
Three primers were designed including two (GL3_2L, and GL3_2R) from the 4th and 5th exons of the CsGL3 gene flanking the insertion point, and one (INSERT_R) within the LTR-RT (see Table S1 for primer sequence information).
Eight fuzzy models were designed including four sustainability aspects; i.e. agronomic, mechanization, social and economic.
Seven different irrigation and fertilizer treatments were designed, including five treatments with furrow irrigation: no fertilizer (CK), organic manure (OM), conventional fertilizer (farmer's practice, FP), optimal fertilizer application (OPT), crop residues + farmer practice (CN), and two with drip irrigation: conventional fertilizer (RI) and crop residues + optimal fertilizer (OPTRI).
To evaluate how biochar amendment affects N2O production and emissions in paddy soil, an incubation experiment was designed including six treatments: wheat straw-derived biochar (slow pyrolyzed at 400 °C) amendment at rates of 0% (Control), 1% and 4% soil mass (w/w), inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer amendment (with urea), and N fertilizer plus 1% biochar and 4% biochar.
In current study, based on the cross section of selected bronze samples from two sites, a new Fdet was designed including six groups of objects based on the volume of corrosion penetration into the metallic microstructure.
An online survey was designed, including three TTO questions using a 10 year timeframe.
Four plots were designed, including one unmined plot (UMP), two subsided plots (SPI and SPII) and one rehabilitated plot (RHP), and 16 sampling points were located in each plot.
Based on this study population a case control study was designed including 312 patients representing four diagnostic groups of subjects.
