Sentence examples for been described to activate from inspiring English sources

Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) are major mediators of myogenic stem cell differentiation [27], [28], [29] and have been described to activate PKDs [30].

Mammalian and bacterial HSP70 have been described to activate antigen-presenting cells directly, including macrophages and dendritic cells [ 17].

For instance, KAT2B has been described to activate the MMP-9 promoter either independently or in a synergistic manner [ 21].

In fact, these stimuli have both been described to activate HIF-1α as well, although the mechanism has not been fully elucidated [ 23, 24].

However, leptin withdrawal, rather than administration, has been described to activate PI3K and accumulate PIP3 in AgRP neurons (Xu et al., 2005b).

The fungal toxin ochratoxin A has been described to activate SERCA in kidney microsomes 25. cyclopiazonic acid  29, thapsigargin  27 and BHQ are widely employed to block SERCA.

Glucose-regulated protein 78 acetylation following HDACi treatment was described to activate UPR and contributes to the antitumour activity of HDACi.

Also, ghrelin was described to activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase in aortic endothelial cells [15] and several isoforms of calcium-dependent protein kinase [14], [32].

Anandamide was described to activate arachidonic acid-regulated Ca2+-selective channels (Shuttleworth et al., 2004) and the transient receptor potential cation channel, TRPV1 (Zygmunt et al., 1999), and to trigger formation of 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid as a messenger for Ca2+-influx (Graier et al., 1995; Hoebel et al., 1997).

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 was described to activate the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in different cell lines (Vila-Coro et al, 1999; Soriano et al, 2003; Opdam et al, 2004; Moriguchi et al, 2005) and the intracellular domains responsible for JAK2 binding have been discovered by mutational analysis (Ahr et al, 2005).

Members of both protein families have been described to be activated by subunits of the heterotrimeric G-proteins (e.g. [40], [41]) and in some cases interact directly with receptors via C-terminal PDZ domain binding motifs [42].