Long-tubed corollas appear to have been derived from short-tubed corollas several times, while the directionality of change in galea structure is less certain [ 21].
The parameter settings for PLS are derived from short LSA-runs executed in pre-processing and the procedure utilises tabu lists generated for each member of the population.
Therefore, only the anatomical, not the mechanical axis can be derived from short knee radiographs.
For example, some miRNAs are derived from short, excised introns, called miRtrons, which resemble pre-miRNA hairpins and only require Dicer for maturation.
Mirtrons are a special group of miRNAs that are derived from short intronic sequences by splicing machinery rather than by Drosha cleavage [ 39- 41].
For example, some of our sequences may be derived from short sections of an untranslated region (e.g., 5' or 3' UTR) that occurs in a true protein-coding transcript.
Ribosomal peptide natural products are derived from short precursor peptides, most commonly around 100 amino acids long, that are posttranslationally modified by various enzymes that catalyze the formation of a large number of different chemical motifs [ 2, 3].
In theory, paired-end data can eliminate this issue (Lacroix et al., 2008); however, in practice, paired-end data are derived from short size-selected fragments that provide local information similar to that of longer single-end data.
Precisely how these facts were collected is not made clear, but from our own observations and discussions with staff in the field, they appear to be derived from short questionnaires carried out on a small number of people at selected districts, combined with records relating to the overall numbers of tablets sent out from the national headquarters.
