White blood cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which are derived from bone marrow, are an important first line defense against mastitis.
It is well known that DCs may be derived from bone marrow progenitors with two major developmental stages: immature and mature DCs [1].
In pre-clinical and clinical protocols of critical defects in which SSC are employed, two approaches are mainly used: in the first, SSC are derived from bone marrow and directly introduced at the lesion site, in the second, SSC are derived from several sites and are expanded ex vivo before being implanted.
Hematopoietic cell populations were derived from bone marrow isolated from murine femurs and tibias, unless otherwise noted.
While both C2C12 and ST2 cells are derived from bone marrow, compared to committed bipotential C2C12 cells, ST2 cells are pluripotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.
Osteoblasts are derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under the influence of growth factors such as BMPs and Wnts [2], [7].
Studies have demonstrated that smooth muscle-like cells (SMLCs) can be derived from bone marrow-[4], [5], adipose-[6], [7] and umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells [8].
Progenitor cells that give rise to the differentiated cellular mediators of inflammation are derived from bone marrow progenitor cells where their development is regulated, in part, by cues from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC).
Macrophages were derived from bone marrow progenitors by culture in RPMI with 10% fetal calf serum, 5% horse serum, 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM glutamine, 100U/ml penicillin, 100 µg/ml streptomycin, 1 mM pyruvate and 20% L929-conditioned medium.
Stem cells for mesenchymal tissues, which can be derived from bone marrow, are commonly termed MSCs.
