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The existence of a mammary stem cell has now clearly been demonstrated using cell surface markers (Lin− CD29hi CD24+) to enrich for a single basal/myoepithelial cell from the murine mammary gland that was able to reconstitute an entire functional gland using the same assay (Shackleton et al, 2006).
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In the first-trimester xenografts seminiferous cord formation was initiated and in first- and second-trimester grafts normal functional development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells was demonstrated using cell-specific protein markers.
Moreover, the utility of the probes CD1 in showing the hydrazine recognition in live cells has also been demonstrated using Vero cells as monitored by fluorescence imaging.
This is the first time increased cytotoxicity has been directly related to increased uptake in human cell lines with these conjugates, having only previously been demonstrated using CHO cells [ 9, 11].
Furthermore, it has also been demonstrated using osteosarcoma human cell line that quiescent cells (as defined by cells grown to confluence for several days) have 5-fold less DNA-PK activity than proliferating cells [49].
In both neurons and cardiomyocytes, a direct role for caspase-1 in promoting cell death in the absence of inflammation has been demonstrated using in vitro cell cultures and in vivo models.
Moreover in rat myocardial infarction models, collaterals and improved cardiac function have been demonstrated using CD34+ stem cell therapy [40].
Effective regenerative treatments for periodontal tissue defects have recently been demonstrated using mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs).
The roles of mtDNA and mitochondrial respiratory function in biological functions has been demonstrated using mtDNA-deficient cells.
A similar decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity has been demonstrated using rat calvarial cells cultured in the presence of P. gingivalis LPS (33, 41), Prevotella intermedia LPS (42) or sonicated extracts of P. gingivalis (5).
For instance, the critical contribution of non-parenchymal cells has been demonstrated using animals where Kupffer cells have been depleted, thereby significantly delaying regeneration following hepatectomy [ 14].
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