The liquid-solid transformation will probably continue as the main thrust of zone melting, but successful zone refining has been demonstrated in vapour-solid and solid-solid transformations.
The role of β2-M has been demonstrated in several solid cancers and leukemia; however, the mechanism of β2-M action is poorly understood.
Even though NF-κB activation has been demonstrated in several solid tumors [ 47], few studies have investigated NF-κB status in HCC.
Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) plays a pivotal role in cancer, and low intra-tumoural oxygen tensions (below 30 mmHg, approximately 4% O2) have been demonstrated in many solid tumours, including CRC [ 4, 5].
The role of RRM2 in malignancy has been demonstrated in several solid cancers including bladder [ 19], pancreatic [ 54], gastric [ 20] and colorectal cancers [ 23], and has been attributed to increased proliferation and invasion [ 20].
The association between the extent of lymph node involvement and survival has been demonstrated in most solid tumours including lung, breast, colon, rectal, bladder, cervical, and vulva cancers (van der Velden et al, 1995; Moore and Stehman, 1996; Tepper et al, 2001; Herr et al, 2002; Weir et al, 2002; Gajra et al, 2003; Joseph et al, 2003; Le Voyer et al, 2003).
MCs involvement in tumour angiogenesis has been demonstrated in several human solid and haematological malignancies [ 22– 29].
CSC have been demonstrated in haematological and some solid tumors such as breast, brain, colon, lung and liver cancers [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].
Several studies have reported that chromosomal abnormalities and/or epigenetic events contribute to miRNA deregulation; impaired miRNA expression has already been demonstrated in a number of solid tumors and, more recently, in some hematological disorders [ 7- 9].
The relationship between progression-free survival and time to progression (PFS/TTP) and overall survival (OS) has been demonstrated in a variety of solid tumours but not in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
