Similar trends have been observed in two independent studies conducted previously using the data from E. coli [ 15, 16].
However, sex identification in natural populations of this species has not previously been conducted by using molecular markers.
Such serological studies have previously been conducted using convenience serum samples [7] [13].
Immunoprecipitations and western blots for PDE4D7 were carried out as previously described (MacKenzie et al, 2011), using antisera raised against the N-terminal regions of PDE4D7 (Baillie Laboratory, Glasgow, UK), western blotting was conducted using previously described antisera against PDE4D (MacKenzie et al, 2002).
Tracking of multiple fly locomotor activity was conducted using previously published methods [22], [32], [33]; detailed protocols are available for download from the laboratory website (http://towerlab.USC.edu/).
The searches were conducted using previously characterized maize RF2A (GenBank Accession number AF215823), rice RF1A (GenBank Accession number DQ311052), rice RF1B (GenBank Accession number DQ311054), Brassica PPR-B-L1 (GenBank Accession number FJ455099) and Raphanus Mur-ligase (putative UDP-N-acetylmuranoylanalyl-D-2-6-diaminoligase) (GenBank Accession number AJ550021).
Genotyping was conducted using previously established protocols.
The Tet1 treatment was conducted using previously described methods [ 11].
Microwave-assisted acid digestion was conducted using previously described methods for whole blood [ 24, 26].
Separation of NCs before and after oligomer conjugation was conducted using previously reported agarose gel electrophoresis conditions [ 9– 11].
