The deposited thin films have been characterised using a combination of diffraction and microscopy techniques.
Plasma treated surfaces have been characterised using a variety of surface sensitive techniques.
Since the typical cluster of points is not circular the distribution of points has been characterised using a Mahalanobis distance.
Cavitation developing upstream and inside the micro-channel orifices of transparent multi-hole fuel injector nozzles has been characterised using a high speed visualisation system.
Pixellated silicon detectors with a thickness of 300 and 700 μm bonded to the MEDIPIX2 readout chip have been characterised using a monoenergetic microbeam at the ESRF.
The composition, the microstructure and the mechanical properties, e.g. hardness and elastic modulus of the surface treated layers have been characterised using a number of analytical techniques including XRD, SEM, AFM and microindentation and nanoindentation.
After 10 rounds of selection and amplification, selected aptamers have been characterised using a number of techniques, including fluorescence quenching, ELISA and competition ELISA procedures and a FRET type assay.
The interactions between the polyanionic ligands phosphate and sulphate and the type II dehydroquinases from Streptomyces coelicolor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been characterised using a combination of structural and kinetic methods.
The mechanisms underlying its secretion have recently been characterised using a range of murine in vitro systems [ 2], but equivalent data are currently lacking for humans.
Electrochemical performance was characterised using an Open Flange test set-up (Fiaxell SOFC Technologies) with polarisation curves measured using a potentiostat (Gamry Instruments) controlled using proprietary software (Gamry Instruments Framework).
