The incidence of DILI has been challenging to quantify due to it being a relatively uncommon clinical entity, and also due to under-recognition of the disorder; however, the worldwide annual incidence rate of DILI is estimated to be approximately 13.9-24.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with DILI accounting for 3-93-9%f adverseerse drug reactions reported to health authorities [ 2- 4].
While it is challenging to quantify gains such as those derived from reduced chronic disease in adulthood, we do have some understanding of how undernutrition in early life affects attained height, cognitive skills in adulthood, income and poverty.
It is challenging to quantify sources of CMC.
The sole biophysical input, biomass, is challenging to quantify robustly via spectral methods.
It thus creates monetary and non-monetary benefits, both of which may be challenging to quantify.
Storage devices can provide several grid services, however it is challenging to quantify the value of providing several services and to optimally allocate storage resources to maximize value.
However, it is challenging to quantify the various tissue heterogeneities ranging from fine to coarse of the echo envelope peaks in tumor texture.
Further, it may be challenging to quantify fluid intake.
Within-species intercontinental movements of taxa that are distributed across both Asia and North America are challenging to quantify.
It is challenging to quantify lifestyle in an optimal comparison group for, for example, centenarians.
