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While orthopedic appliances have proven their effectiveness in correcting Class II malocclusions, the value of such treatment has recently been challenged by randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that suggest relapse of gains made in the early phase of treatment, minimizing long-term benefits.
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This theory has already been challenged by the results of a large randomized controlled trial which failed to prevent oedematous malnutrition in susceptible children with anti-oxidant supplements [ 11].
This concept has been challenged by recent findings, suggesting that DSPN progresses very slowly or may even improve in placebo-treated patients participating in randomized clinical trials (11, 13, 22).
It has been challenged by other witnessess.
This move has been challenged by Stuart.
This claim has been challenged by Malcolm.
These results were challenged by a randomized trial that included 70 patients with septic shock [38] and failed to show any difference in the evolution of the microcirculation with nitroglycerin compared to placebo.
These results were challenged by a randomized trial that included 70 patients with septic shock [ 38] and failed to show any difference in the evolution of the microcirculation with nitroglycerin compared to placebo.
The traditional division of tasks in clinical or research-related is challenged by the emergence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs, see also Table 1) [ 50].
Independent preclinical investigators are challenged, by means of a competitive request for proposals, to test the hypotheses in rigorous randomized studies employing clinically relevant animal models.
However, these data emerged essentially from retrospective or small prospective studies [ 8, 36- 42], and are challenged by several other reports [ 43- 48] as with our study, and will have to be confirmed in a multicentre randomized study.
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