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The total loss for choosing an alternative has been calculated using an appropriate loss function.
These parameters of the proposed solar PV models have been calculated using an efficient iterative technique.
For comparison, the stresses have also been calculated using an Eshelby-type polycrystalline model.
The formation and strength of dislocation junctions in FCC crystals have been calculated using an orientation-dependent line tension model.
The electron sheet concentration values for different channel thicknesses have been calculated using an analytical model, and correspond very well to Hall effect measurements of the electron mobility.
(The latter figure has been calculated using an empirical correlation published by Huisman [41].) According to European statistics, freezers and refrigerators are recorded in the category of large household appliances ("white goods").
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BSI was calculated using an automated method.
Activity was calculated using an extinction coefficient of 39.04 mM−1 cmM−1
P values were calculated using an anova.
Between-subject variability was calculated using an exponential variability model.
Statistical significance was calculated using an unpaired t-test.
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