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Almost all the previous epidemiological research on the prevalence and characteristics of headaches among children and adolescents has been based on retrospective recall with varying time intervals and questionnaires with different phrasings of headache items.
This belief has been based on retrospective studies relating bowel dysfunction to hysterectomy.
To date, most published studies have either included adults exclusively or have been based on retrospective or cross-sectional cohort studies of boys and girls with insulin resistance, but without T2D.
However, the clinical features directly associated with these changes have only recently been described and have been based on retrospective reports of family members of deceased individuals who received a neuropathological diagnosis of CTE [ 2],[ 14].
Although most of the existing studies about severe hypoglycemia have been based on retrospective or cross-sectional data, hypoglycemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes are generally less frequent compared with those with type 1 diabetes (8).
Also of note is that the predictor variables used in our analyses were based on videos recorded at one year of age, which were rated without knowledge of the future psychopathology of the child; the data can therefore be viewed as prospective, in contrast to previous studies which have been based on retrospective recall of predictive factors.
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Because few regions other than British Columbia and France have ongoing population-based surveillance for cryptococcosis, most previous studies were based on retrospective hospital chart reviews or surveys (18 ).
This is valuable but comes at the price that it is based on retrospective information.
The main limitations of the study would be that it is based on retrospective review of headache registry records.
Lastly, our examinations consisted of non-ECG-gated CT examinations, whereas all reported experiences are based on retrospective or prospective ECG-gated acquisitions.
Since this study was based on retrospective data, informed consent was not feasible.
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