The presence of systemic inflammation determined by elevations in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been associated with persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Several RNA viruses, most notably the human and animal paramyxoviruses, have been associated with persistence in infected cells.
However, good memory responses have been associated with persistence of protective antibodies, suggesting that memory B cells could be indirectly important in determining the longevity of protection [ 20].
For example, child (e.g., mood dysregulation and language delay) and environmental factors (e.g., parenting and parental mental health) have been associated with persistence of childhood ADHD symptoms [ 113, 114].
Of the eight HBV genotypes (A-H), HBV-A has been associated with persistence [ 9], HBV-C with severe liver disease [ 10, 11], and HBV-B with more benign disease [ 11]; however, HBV-B was found to be a predictor for HCC [ 10].
Although escape mutants have been associated with persistence of serum HBV DNA after acute hepatitis B, the appearance of an escape mutant is uncommon in acute hepatitis B. In a previous study, variants in the S region were detected in 2 of 14 children who received prophylactic treatment [ 10].
The risk of progression of precursor cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia lesions is associated with persistence of human papillomavirus infection.
In this highly selected group of patients, the persistence of microcirculatory alterations was associated with persistence of shock, development of multiple organ failure and mortality.
