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The gene array-based breast cancer molecular subtypes have been approximated using a panel of five surrogate markers (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Hepidermaldermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and cytokeratin-5 (CK5)) as assessed by immunohistochemistry [ 11].

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The spatial domain, 0≤ x≤ L x, is discretised uniformly with grid spacing δ x, and the spatial derivatives are approximated using a central-difference approximation [ 40].

Similar to the implementation given in the original paper, the driving input function was approximated by a spline interpolant, while the delay was approximated using a linear chain approximation (x5,…, x13).

Similar to the implementation given in the original article, the driving input function was approximated by a spline interpolant, while the delay was approximated using a linear chain approximation.

Each scale variable is approximated using a meshfree method.

The POF is approximated using a quintic polynomial.

The stress strain curves were approximated using a polynomial equation.

This function is approximated using a truncated complex Fourier series.

Both magnetic slope data and ring density data are approximated using a Stineman function.

The surface is approximated using a control mesh guaranteeing a certain level of smoothness.

However, to allow a fast execution, this function can be approximated using a LUT approach.

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