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This benefit may thus have been a selective pressure for evolution of proton-specific respiration in closely-associating species.
Thus, there could have been a selective pressure for a nonfunctional GRA15 in RH-ERP and RH-JSR, allowing for increased parasite burden in the host or faster replication in vitro.
The large amount of various aminoglycosides used in livestock-farming environments could have also been a selective pressure for the emergence and spread of pathogenic microbes that harbor genetic determinants for the newly identified 16S rRNA methylases, as exemplified by recent isolation of ArmA-producing E. coli from swine in Spain (GenBank accession no. AY522431).
While it is tempting to speculate that the need for ancient hunters/gatherers to run/walk long distances may have been a selective pressure, daily activity above what was needed to provide food would have put strains on energy balance within the individual and impacted the collective tribe's food supply.
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Adaptive evolution or positive selection is a selective pressure placed on a protein by a change in environment in order to improve the fitness of the organism in that environment.
Emily Monosson, an environmental toxicologist at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst said: "It wouldn't be unexpected that being exposed to a contaminant that makes you sick would be a selective pressure on humans".
The scientists said that the results indicated that fire was a selective pressure that shaped seed traits, and had more of a defining influence than other environmental factors, such as drought.
Under the presence of noise, there is a selective pressure to avoid the turning points (basin boundaries) that exist within the distance δp from the "target" orbit.
These results suggest that there was a selective pressure upon leukocytes to emigrate from the liver due to MSC-CM, unlike control conditions where leukocytes eventually migrated to the injured organ.
However, if there is a selective pressure to conserve a target site, the distribution will be shifted to the right.
Whether there is a selective pressure for some loci to be preferentially amplified or deleted remains to be confirmed.
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