We focused on chromosomal constructs because prior experiments revealed conflicting results when dnaQ mutants were expressed from a plasmid in comparison to expression from the chromosome, indicating that aberrant gene expression from the plasmid was a confounding issue (data not shown).
Baseline Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores were compared between LEQ groups to ensure that low mood was not a confounding issue.
The exact degree of the Tasaday's "lostness" was always a confounding issue.
Agreeing on a proper definition for an eye can be itself a confounding issue, especially when considering eye evolution.
We found that bone marrow chimaeras generated with B6/SJL and MyD88 KO mice did not exhibit any evidence of graft versus host disease, indicating that this was not a confounding issue.
However, the lesser reaction of children with NTM to tuberculin skin testing, and the large proportion of unreactive Mantoux tests, suggests that cross-reactivity between M. tuberculosis and NTM antigens may be less of a confounding issue than has been thought [18].
In PBPK model building, as with empirical models, many companies have applied the model directly to oral data, and while this is successful in some cases, often there is a confounding identifiability issue with little or no ability to separate absorption from tissue distribution or clearance processes.
Due to the large number of common antigens and receptors on monocytes and macrophages, this would have been a common confounding issue regardless of ligand utilized.
A confounding issue is that the use of antipsychotic drugs, especially second-generation drugs, has been consistently associated with weight gain, insulin resistance and development of metabolic syndrome (Correll et al., 2011).
A confounding issue is the use of the terms "housekeeping" and "reference" genes; housekeeping genes are often used as reference genes, although for many of these individually it was shown they are not good reference genes.
