For layered rocks, bedding orientation can have a significant impact on diffusion.
The scales, the deepest damage morphology affecting the molasse sandstone, are formed parallel to the outer surface and are independent of the stone bedding orientation [6, 9, 13].
The shales are orthotropic as strength and elastic properties vary with bedding orientation to the loading direction.
Gauss point simulations confirm that the model successfully captures the variation of uniaxial tensile strength with respect to the bedding orientation.
Existing empirical models failed to provide accurate predictions of the effective diffusion coefficient in either bedding orientation for all four rock types studied, indicating that substantial uncertainty exists when attempting to predict diffusive flux through sedimentary rocks containing mineral bedding.
Data type obtained include attitude (Strike, dip and dip direction) of the fracture plane as well as nature of fracture surface, cross-cutting relations, mean separation between the fractures, bedding orientation and relationship and others which may be of use in determining the relative age relationships between the fractures and dividing them into fracture sets and systems.
We organize this discussion into individual sections that outline how hillslope processes are related to (1) the mechanical strength and bedding orientation of bedrock, (2) the competition between channelized and hillslope processes, (3) hillslope channel coupling relationships, and (4) fluvial erosion rates.
Field observations at several locations within the Park show that depositional domains (dune units characterized by cross-beds therein) with particular ranges of cross-bed orientations corresponding to certain deformational/structural domains (compaction bands of different orientations) occur adjacent to each other in a consistent pattern.
Parametric studies with respect to dip of a bedding plane, orientation of a predominant joint set, the bedding profile, etc., are carried out.
It is found that the model can correctly describe the influences of the number of freeze thaw cycles, confining pressure, and bedding plane orientation on the triaxial compressive strength of freeze thawed transversely isotropic rocks.
