AIDS stigmas interfere with HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and can become internalized by people living with HIV/AIDS.
However it is clear that the organism can adhere to and become internalized by a variety of host cells [6], including osteoblasts [11], and that this is likely to be important in disease pathogenesis.
As shown, the p24 associated with PBMC was not removed by treatment with EDTA, thus indicating that the p24 became internalized by PBMC, and because p24 was not on the cell surface it could not be removed from the PBMC by EDTA.
In all of our studies, mitochondria are presented externally and subsequently become internalized by host cells.
This exposure time was chosen because a significant amount of particles was expected to become internalized by that time [ 17].
They found that at low concentrations of EGF (1 2 ng/ml), EGFR was not ubiquitinated and became internalized by clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
Consequently, in the absence of surface nucleolin in such LRP1-null cells, ligands of nucleolin become internalized by a receptor-independent passive process (Additional file 3, Figure S4).
When SV40 virus is added to cells, the virus particles are trapped in caveolae which subsequently become internalized by a process which requires tyrosine phosphorylation, reorganization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton, and recruitment of dynamin (Pelkmans et al. 2001 , 2002.
Somewhat surprisingly, the activity increased using methyl-β-cyclodextrin, suggesting that branched peptides may become internalized by direct membrane translocation into the cytoplasm when the membrane cholesterol is depleted, as previously reported for oligoArg (30).
One interpretation is that the reviewer is proposing a lifestyle in which non-symbiotic, not closely-physically associating prokaryotes evolutionarily acquire the ability to become internalized by, and shortly after exit from, other prokaryotes.
