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What factors determine the likelihood that a particular rearrangement becomes fixed in a population?
Neocentromere formation has been proposed to be the crucial first step in the seeding of an evolutionarily new centromere, which then becomes fixed in a species, resulting in a centromere repositioning event [ 28, 36].
The phylogenetic distribution of intron sequences by geographic location is consistent with the hypothesis that once a homing endonuclease becomes fixed in a genome, selection pressure for the gene significantly decreases resulting in degeneration (mutation) and enforcing the requirement of frequent horizontal transmissions between populations to maintain intron propagation [ 34].
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"The supporters have tended to become fixed in a pattern of providing rather blanket defenses of the test instrument," he says.
So eventually, a given allele will eventually become fixed in a population, or go extinct, the latter being the more likely fate.
If selection would favor either one out of two mutations, but there is no extra advantage to having both, then the mutation that occurs the most frequently is the one that is most likely to become fixed in a population.
A Ka/Ks ratio that is significantly less than 1 indicates that nonsynonymous mutations are less likely to become fixed in a population.
Although most of them have deleterious effects on fitness [1] [3], natural selection increases the representation of those having beneficial effects, which can become fixed in a population.
How would a random genetic mutation occurring first in an isolated single organism possibly become fixed in a population?
One possibility is that a rearrangement could become fixed in a small population via genetic drift and inbreeding (Rieseberg, 2001).
Mutations that generate novel repetitive sequences, or extend them, may become fixed in a population provided they are not deleterious.
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