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The functional form of the activation appears as a consequence of particular properties of this system: each transcription site can be occupied by up to four monomers and becomes activated when a tetramer is bound.
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A B cell becomes activated when its receptor recognizes an antigen and binds to it.
Our simulations are consistent with a nucleator that is inactive in solution and becomes activated when it binds to a MT (Figure 4B, top panels).
Our preliminary analysis did not reveal any induction of genes targeted by the unfolded protein response (not shown), a pathway that becomes activated when hypoglycosylated and unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum, making this an unlikely explanation of the mpi morphant phenotype.
Calcineurin exists as a stable heterodimer between a regulatory subunit (CNB) and a catalytic subunit (CNA) and becomes activated when Ca2+-bound CaM (Ca2+/CaM) binds to the regulatory arm of CNA, thus driving a conformational change that removes calcineurin from its basal, auto-inhibited state (Rusnak and Mertz, 2000; Wang et al., 2008; Rumi-Masante et al., 2012).
Interestingly, the UPR can be viewed as a general response of A. niger, which becomes activated when the secretion machinery becomes challenged by metabolic changes or ER stress conditions.
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway becomes activated when cells are critically damaged.
FAK becomes activated when it is phosphorylated at tyrosine 397 (Y397).
AMPK becomes activated when phosphorylation occurs at threonine-172 of the catalytic subunit.
Because GEF-H1 becomes activated when it is released from microtubules and microtubule depolymerization activates GEF-H1 [ 37- 39], we hypothesized that GEF-H1 was a key regulator of the vincristine-induced cellular invasion in MKN45 cells.
Provided that the IIS only becomes activated when signals of danger are present, these simple control mechanisms are sufficient to ensure reliable targeting of the pathogen Ag by the AIS.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com