The NPSC anticipates increased use of contextual databases as a resource for the generation of gene expression signatures or motifs that could eventually become validated biomarkers of toxicity.
When QIBs become validated endpoints, this has important clinical implications as ineffective treatment can be modified earlier.
Therefore, caspase-3 inhasition has become a validated therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disorders.
Bcl-2 proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) protein, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) protein, has been implicated in the progression and survival of multiple tumor types and become a validated and attractive target for cancer therapy.
"Some people will argue that it's a shame that [this model] is reappearing, but for the social space, it's necessary to become more validated against the marketer's budget," Sethi says.
In the 1990s, it became a validated therapeutic target used for the treatment of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
Recently, more fine grained and validated test tools and protocols have become available for assessing thoracic motor function (Ellaway et al., 2007), which may be more appropriate for future trials when sub-clinical outcome measures are required.
In the coming years, we expect that many more validated genetic and genomic assays will become clinically available for guiding patient management.
MRI, because of its non-invasive nature, its excellent spatial, contrast and temporal resolution, and capability for tissue characterisation, has become a well-validated and widely accepted technique for studying DCM patients.
The 3′ cholesterol-conjugated, 2′- O-Me-modified antagomirs (Fig 2C) have become a well-validated experimental tool for in vivo inhibition of miRNAs, since this approach was first described in mice by Krützfeldt et al (2005).
