Exact(14)
These ligands are not expressed normally but they can become induced in response to stress, such as heat shock [44], virus infection [45], or genotoxic stress [46].
Some cells become induced after 3 hours, while others need ∼10 times more induction time to reach the high state.
He and his colleagues harvest cells from these patients' skin and reprogram them to become induced pluripotent stem cells, which are then converted into functional cells.
A maximum of approximately 10% of β-2 integrins on a leukocyte membrane become induced into high affinity states when exposed to chemokines [ 49].
When Yamanaka's [1] and Thomson's research groups [2] successfully reprogrammed human somatic cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), ethical issues involved in using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were avoided.
Somatic mammalian cells can be reprogrammed to become induced pluripotent stem cells by ectopic expression of pluripotency-inducing factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc and in some cases Nanog and Lin-28.
Similar(46)
This is secondary to increased activity of calpain 1, the primary enzyme responsible for focal adhesion kinase degradation, which becomes induced in hyperglycemia.
The increased number of S-phase cells suggested that the cell cycle became induced and this was substantiated by the increased expression of cyclin D1 and Cdc25A within 24 hours of extract treatment (Figure 3).
As the detection rates as well as the odor ratings did not differ between the two odors presented, it is rather likely that insula activations became induced by the social impact of the chemosensory anxiety signals.
Regardless of the initiation event, a feed-forward loop becomes induced that is difficult to stop.
Histone phosphorylation is a transient histone modification that becomes induced by extracellular signals, DNA damage or entry into mitosis.
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