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If the feedback channel is a fading channel, then D i will become a random variable and thus the lower bound we have obtained in Equation 15 is also random.
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In this paper, both the duration and the cost of an activity are modeled as random variables, and accordingly, the cumulative cost at each time point also becomes a random variable along a project's progress.
However, for given channel instances of Hm 1 and Hm 2, the estimation error becomes a random variable.
If shadow fading is explicitly taken into account, the path gain in Equation (6) becomes a random variable (because the factor ψ is random with log-normal distribution).
In fading channels, on the other hand, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received symbol becomes a random variable.
In particular, we first show that the approximate bias is insensitive to the shadow fading, whereas the MSE becomes a random variable (the probability density function (pdf) of which is obtained).
In this context, Strength becomes a random variable consisting of a weighted sum of independent (approximately) normal distributions.
When there is study extension or shortening, the second stage sample size n2 becomes a random variable.
Then the optimal alignment score S becomes a random variable and the probability of occurrence of S under this model P (s) = ℙ (S = s) provides estimates for p-values.
Since the channels are independent, the rate of the secondary users becomes eventually a random variable.
In the case of one decision-maker, on the other hand, the judgment made regarding each paired uncertainty will become a continuous random variable (Rosenbloom, 1997; Hus and Pan, 2009).
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