Sentence examples for because the work function from inspiring English sources

For ITO/HC/Au, an Ohmic junction was observed because the work function of ITO is close to that of Au, which also matches the energy levels of HC.

The work function of PEDOT PSS has been limited by charge collection because the work function of PEDOT PSS film is higher than that of the HOMO level of pentacene.

On the contrary, a Schottky barrier is expected to be formed between the top electrode and PCMO in the Al/PCMO/Pt and Ag/PCMO/Pt devices because the work function of Al and Ag is smaller than that of PCMO.

However, the generated electrons would transfer from the TiO2 to Ag NPs because the work function of TiO2 (4.2 eV [51]) is lower than that of Ag (4.52 to 4.74 eV [52]), and Ag NPs act as electron trap which effectively facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers, thus improves the transfer efficiency of electron and hole pairs [53, 54].

The leakage currents for the S1 and S2 devices at +0.3 V are lower (approximately 10 and 13 pA) than the leakage currents (approximately 100 and 180 pA) at −0.3 V because the work function (Φ m ) of the W BE (approximately 4.91 eV [41]) is greater than that of the Cu TE (approximately 4.46 ± 0.3 eV [42]).

One explanation for this is that more electrons in the n-type Ge samples are transferred to oxygen molecules via Equations (1) and (2) because the work function, or the energy necessary for an electron to escape into vacuum from an initial energy at the Fermi level, is smaller for n-type samples than for p-type ones.

Moreover, initially, a depletion region was formed at the ZnO/ZFO interface because of the difference in the work function between ZnO and ZFO [24].

Because of the small system size the work function of the tubes changes during this process, which makes it difficult to interpret these energies.

However, the potential well of Al2O3/Ni NPs/Al2O3 is very deep because of the high work function of Ni; this makes the electrons trapped in the Ni NPs difficult to escape to the channel under a negative gate bias.

Secondly, in the case of the Ag/TiO2 system, because of the lower work function of TiO2 (4.2 eV [21, 22]) compared with that of Ag (4.52 to 4.74 eV [23]), theirs is a Schottky contact and will result in the upward bending of the energy band near the contact region.

Thorium is added because it lowers the effective work function with the result that the thoriated tungsten thermocathode emits electrons at considerably lower temperatures.