Low dispersal rates strongly influence the kappa, because if the variance between articles is low, the error variance is large in relation to the article variance.
1 For ash and phytic acid the equivalence intervals are not trustworthy, because the estimate of the variance between reference genotypes was 0 and sed GR 2 is based on lower strata (note also the high values of df GR 2 ).
Because AVID measures the variance between asymmetric units, partial decoration leads to an AVID map where there is no density in the area of the filament being decorated but clear density in the area where partial occupancy occurs.
Therefore, for the sake of clarify, we will call 2 p q(a+(q− p) d)+2 p q i as the additive genetic variance, because this is the variance between breeding values under imprinting.
Because the turquoise module in the unsigned network contains two distinct signed modules (black and turquoise), its module eigengene describes the variance between these two sub-modules and the variance within the larger sub-module, the signed turquoise.
Therefore, as in the CRCT of Cumming and colleagues [ 32], we assume an ICC of 0.005 as appropriate because the variance of our outcome measurements between clusters can be considered low compared to the variability between the patients within a cluster.
3 Alternatively, we may condition on C by adding the variable to an unconditional logistic regression model: Whichever computation is used, deconfounding is a tradeoff between variance and bias, because the variance of the odds ratio always increases after conditioning.
