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The amplitudes of volcanic deformation due to magma without volatiles are larger than those when the magma contains gas bubbles, when the magma reaches the ground surface because the magma density is large.
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Degassing of water during the ascent of hydrous magma in a volcanic edifice produces dramatic changes in the magma density and viscosity.
The magma density and the sound speed are respectively assumed to be ρ 0 ∗ = 2700 kg/m3 and α 0 ∗ = 1 0 3 m/s, though the latter may vary by a factor of a few units or more if the magma contains bubbles.
This is because, in the upper part of the conduit, bulk magma density becomes small due to a large void ratio and gas bubbles largely expand due to a low magma pressure.
Figure 4 shows the sodium bicarbonate magma density in the length of reactor at steady-state operating condition and Fig. 5 shows the variation of the final magma density of sodium bicarbonate in the bottom of the column with time.
Agglomeration increases with increasing mean residence time, but the increase in magma density break down the agglomerates by frequent and energetic collisions.
The agglomeration kernel of gibbsite in the reactive system increases linearly with growth rate and residence time, and the positive order about 0.55 of magma density is thoroughly different from the negative order of magma density for gibbsite agglomeration in seeded process presented in the literature.
Furthermore, assumed density values are overwritten if the literature includes a calculation of magma density, and these reported values are used instead in the DRE volume calculation.
This is because the magma pressure gradient in the conduit is small due to a low magma density and does not change much with time.
Magma density varies according to the magma type (see below).
We believe that an increase in magma density was caused by the emission of volcanic volatiles from magma, which was followed by magma drain-back.
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