Because human segmentation is considered true segmentation the error measures are calculated in relation with manual segmentation.
□ Proof of Proposition 10.5 The stability (A1) follows as in Proposition 5.1 for (μ ^, v ^ ) ∈ X (T ^ ) and (μ, v ) ∈ X (T ) up to sums of squares of some additional terms h T ‖ μ ^ v ^ − μ v ‖ L 2 (T ) for T ∈ S ⊂ T. Those extra terms motivate the error measure and, because of h T ≤ ‖ h (T 0 ) ‖ L ∞, lead to the proof of (A1) without additional difficulty.
This is because the "numerical error" (here, error measures the deviation of the approximated AFS from the exact AFS) can be very different from the "propagated numerical error" (here, error measures the deviation of the numerically approximated likelihood peak from the exact likelihood peak), even if both decay as the truncation parameter increases.
Because our study was designed to measure false-positive assertions, the error rate measures precision.
Problems in controlling the process of cut rolling from the hump arise because of the errors in measuring these parameters, as well as because of random errors in controlling of cars, in the retarders, to the desired exit speed.
LSFEM are attractive because the resulting discrete equations yield symmetric, positive definite systems of algebraic equations and the functional provides both a local and global error measure.
Because the technical error of measuring the mass of the nuclear export particle was nearly the same as a Rev monomer, we validated the stoichiometry by densitometry of SDS-PAGE gels stained with Sypro-Ruby scanned on a Typhoon (GE Healthcare Lifesciences) and quantified with ImageQuant.
Use of outdoor measurements from central monitoring stations as a proxy measure of mean personal exposure to PM2.5 is prone to measurement error because the measures do not capture fine spatial contrasts that may occur within a city, which may bias the results.
The errors were measured as follows.
