Sentence examples for because the effective lifetime from inspiring English sources
The gettered solar cell at 900°C shows the highest IQE, which is not surprising because the effective lifetime of the minority carrier in the wafer treated at 900°C proved to be the highest.
Thus, the minimum effective lifetime was also obtained to determine the role of chemical passivation because the effective lifetime is mainly controlled by chemical passivation when the negative charge is neutralized.
The ratio was used instead of the actual value because the effective lifetimes of the six as-deposited samples (before annealing) were not strictly identical, which rendered meaningless the observation of the absolute value of the effective lifetime after annealing.
However, the effective lifetime was low (Figure 2) because of the poor chemical passivation at 750°C in Figure 3b of the minimum lifetime change value.
It also describes the lifetime testing methods, variability of the carrier lifetime, lifetime instabilities, surface component of the effective lifetime, emitter component of the effective lifetime, and carrier trapping effects.
As reported in [6], the effective lifetime of SiNWs lacking a passivation layer cannot be measured because of the extremely high effective surface recombination velocity.
The effective lifetime of those weapons could be extended without producing the interoperable version, the critics say.
The effective lifetime change is the ratio of the effective lifetime after annealing to that of the effective lifetime before annealing.
The effective lifetime of the annealed samples was measured using the microwave photoconductive decay method.
