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Because the effective concentration of HLA (3 5 nM) used in these assays is below the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of most high-affinity peptide HLA interactions, the peptide concentration leading to half-saturation of the HLA is a reasonable approximation of the affinity of the interaction.
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Polymerase activity is predicted to arise because increasing the effective concentration of αβ-tubulin near the MT end should also increase the rate of αβ-tubulin:MT encounters.
Because the effective concentrations of isradipine delivered to the brain by this method could not be readily quantified, the dosages used in this study should be judged for their relative effects on survival, rather than comparing their absolute potencies in other bioassays.
This slows the amplification considerably because it prevents the effective concentration in transposase from rising with transposon copy number.
This concentration of sucralose was used because it is the effective concentration needed to stimulate GLP-1 secretion in human intestinal cells in vitro (4) and it matches the sweetness of a typical diet soda; i.e., it approximates the amount of sucralose in a standard 12-oz can of diet soda if it is all sweetened with sucralose (24).
Because the mimics are duplexes, the effective concentration of active miRNA mimic (i.e., the strand loaded into RISC) within the cell was half of the total transfected concentration (100 nℳ).
This assumption considerably limits the spectrum of possible cellular responses to the drug pair, because drug S can only change the effective concentration of drug A, but will not change the shape of its cost function.
We propose that the polymerase activity arises because linked TOG domains selectively increase the effective concentration of αβ-tubulin near weakly bound, curved αβ-tubulins already on the microtubule end.
On the other, because rod opsin bleaches upon light exposure, the effective concentration of pigment should be inversely proportional to the background irradiance.
Because mitochondrial DNA comprises only about 2% of Vigna total DNA [49], the effective concentration of mitochondrial template molecules in PCR carried out using purified mitochondrial DNA was about 70 times that using total DNA.
It is possible that the effective concentration of individual sugars is higher than in molasses because flies ingest a smaller volume of the individual sugars.
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