As well as these arrests, independent newspapers and their editors, publishers, and reporters were subjected to harassment, intimidation, and criminal charges solely because of their reporting and editorials.
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"The climate of impunity has allowed militias to assault, threaten, kidnap, or even kill journalists because of their reporting or views," said HRW's Middle East and North Africa deputy director Joe Stork.
Four of the reporters are naturalized U.S. citizens, and two have reason to believe their family members were detained directly because of their reporting.
At least two of the affected reporters, both naturalized U.S. citizens, have reason to believe their family members were detained specifically because of their reporting, RFA said.
The number of journalists targeted for murder because of their reporting nearly doubled in 2018 from a year earlier, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists.
The United States today gave the Swiss authorities an additional list of three companies and nine people whose bank accounts it wants temporarily blocked because of their reported use to funnel Iranian arms payments to rebels in Nicaragua.
McNamara was also fined about £500 last month for not having a valid train ticket as he travelled from his family home in Edinburgh and has fallen out with the local newspaper, The Press, partly because of their reporting of the incident.
He launched the Press Freedom Defense Fund in 2017 to financially support journalists and their sources in legal battles because of their reporting.
