No attempt is made to lift the victim's head above water, because the act of swimming away not only brings the victim's face above the surface so that he may breathe but also planes the victim's body to the horizontal position and thus makes towing him easier.
Consequently, the material of Strobilopterus richardsoni, and that of the other eurypterids from the Holland Quarry Shale, should be re-evaluated because a number of swimming paddles assigned to Dolichopterus asperatus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961 bear close resemblance to the paddles of Strobilopterus princetonii and Strobilopterus proteus.
Because the patterns of swimming behavior during chemotaxis are similar among several animal species, it is assumed that there are a series of common mechanisms, from receiving external cue signals and transmitting intracellular signals to finally responding by controlling flagellar beat patterns.
Competitive master swimmers appeared to be interesting subjects for studying the health benefits of swimming because they spend more time training than the average sedentary aging person and allow one to test for the long-term effects of swimming.
By 2004, the idea to reunite the Park Blocks through midtown was dead, due to Neil Goldschmidt moving out of the spotlight during his sex abuse scandal, Vera Katz's disapproval of the plan, and because Moyer was "tired of swimming upstream" against the city council.
This makes intuitive sense; when PdN6 is disconnected, only animals in which C2 still has an excitatory action onto VSI should be capable of swimming because C2 excitation of VSI is necessary for production of the swim motor pattern (Getting, 1983b; Calin-Jageman et al., 2007; Sakurai and Katz, 2009b).
That is, although the Pacific leaping blenny rarely, if ever, ventures into the water, the dorsal fin or head crest might still exhibit positive allometry, not because of contemporary sexual selection, but because of an evolutionary history of swimming in marine ancestors (e.g., historical natural selection on swimming performance).
However, comparing the swimming speed of a mutant strain of mice with the raw average swimming speeds of control mice during an entire trial does not allow distinguishing between an intrinsic inability to sustain typical levels of swimming speed because of primary motor dysfunction or behavioral and/or neurosensory artifacts.
We chose LIN as a measure of swimming pattern because the other parameters chosen for this study (VSL and VCL) are components of LIN and not of STR.
In any case, powerstroke rate was not a good indicator of swimming speed because it was similar at all water speeds tested above 0.25 m/s.
Furthermore, the ventral fin may exhibit some positive allometry because of the biomechanical demands of swimming [ 83], which would also be true for the dorsal fin and perhaps even the head crest as well (e.g., if it functioned as a rudder).
