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Four articles were excluded because of poor study quality [21 24], leaving 11 studies for inclusion.
Because of poor study design, the results do not provide valid data to determine whether national drug policies improve drug use.
However, most studies that examined the association between cancer recurrence and postoperative infection after transfusion [ 42, 43] only provided weak causal inferences because of poor study design and the lack of independence between allogeneic RBC transfusions and the potential complication.
Various practical problems were encountered in applying the study design inclusion criteria and assessing quality, mainly because of poor study design, inadequate reporting and the limitations of existing tools.
Similar(56)
However, the authors were unable to pool results and draw any significant conclusions because of poor quality study designs and lack of consensus on how to measure HRQOL.
A growing number of meta-analyses vary in their conclusions on the effectiveness of probiotics against IBS, in part because of inadequate sample size, poor study design and use of various probiotic strains in the reviewed studies.
However, because of poor accrual, the study was underpowered to show the originally proposed survival differences between the treatment and there was a hint towards better survival with PVI 5-FU.
One subject receiving omega-3 fatty acids dropped out because of poor compliance with the study protocol.
Eleven of the questions in the scales were not used in the ALSPAC study because of poor response rate in pilot work.
One subject receiving lignan capsules was diagnosed with lung cancer one week after the study began and decided to withdraw, one subject receiving placebo withdrew one week after the study began because of poor physical status, and one subject withdrew in the wash-out period following the diagnosis of tachycardia.
But concerns remain because of poor quality of included studies, lack of proper 'gold standard', and limited applicability.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com