Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(5)
Exact(11)
In all, 13 patients were excluded because of missing covariate values and 2 because of outlier values for platelet (<40 000 × 10−6 l–10−6
We excluded 2,967 births because of low birth weight or preterm birth, 216 for multiple births, and 981 because of missing covariate information.
Because of missing covariate data, we did not use approximately 18% and 15% of the observations in the 1980 and 1990 analyses, respectively.
Third, some patients were not included in the analysis because of missing covariate data (fig 1; table B in appendix 1).
Eight of the 163 women were excluded from the logistic regression analyses because of missing covariate data, leaving 155 women in the final model.
Table 1 shows comparisons of children with complete outcome data who were included in this analysis or excluded because of missing covariate or exposure data.
Similar(49)
Subjects who were excluded because of missing covariates were in general similar to the general NHANES cohort in terms of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education (data not shown).
There is a significant amount of missing covariate information at both stages; thus, discarding subjects with missing information is inefficient and may introduce bias (Little and Rubin 2002).
†Multiple imputation of missing covariate data, including all 6891 participants.
In case of missing covariates, due to missing questionnaire data, multiple imputation will be used [ 81].
Because missing data would cause a risk of selection bias as well as loss of power, missing covariate and outcome data were imputed using chained multiple imputation, generating 100 complete data sets (Donders et al. 2006; Sterne et al. 2009).
More suggestions(1)
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com