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This difference is probably attributable to differences in transcription because in vitro experiments have show that GFP stability remains unaffected following exposure of C. albicans cells to an oxidative stress (5 mM H2O2) or low pH (pH 4) (not shown).
Because in vitro experiments have demonstrated that hyaluronic acid can inactivate tissue kallikrein, it has been proposed that the protective effects of hyaluronic acid against elastase-induced bronchoconstriction are mediated through the inactivation of tissue kallikrein [ 102].
In these calculations it was assumed that the refractive indices of the cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous do not change, because in vitro experiments have shown that large changes in glucose levels induce negligible changes in the refractive indices of the ocular media [ 8, 22].
Our findings are significant because in vitro experiments have demonstrated that CSs can migrate out of breast implants, and in mouse experiments CSs have been shown to be widely distributed in many organs after a single subcutaneous injection and to persist for at least a year.
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We subjected the seedlings to drought because most in vitro experiments for most plant species have shown that the strongest effect of -catechin is on root elongation; not shoot elongation [21].
The next goal of this study was to determine if these 11 genes represented a generic response to proteinuria that was present in other forms of primary GN because our in vitro experiments identified a response of tubular cells to albumin that was independent of glomerular injury.
Because the in vitro experiments were performed with unmodified histones in arrays with equal linker lengths, this strongly points to a direct effect of H2A NTD arginines on chromatin compaction that occurs in short arrays.
Because our previous in vitro experiments with fish liver tissue found significant reductive debromination of BDEs by an unknown pathway (Benedict et al. 2007; Stapleton et al. 2006), we decided to examine the regulation of several enzymes that are involved in reductive pathways (e.g., DIs, GSTs, and CYPs): CYP1A2, DI1, DI2, GSTM1, and GSTP1.
This is because extrapolation from in vitro experiments estimates the number of NRP1 co-receptors on the tumor endothelium to be 39,500 molecules/cell, compared to the value of 100,000 molecules/cell used in Baseline Model 2, leading to more unbound VEGF.
This accords with the results of the in vitro experiments because the unbound plasma concentrations that could be attained in vivo, without causing adverse effects, were far below the Ki values.
No antibiotics were used during maintenance of cells and in vitro experiments because antibiotics significantly alter the proteome of cells, leading to potentially aberrant signaling responses [ 14].
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