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As a result, the escape epitopes became selected against during the chronic stage of infection.
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If the newly introduced genes convey a survival advantage in the wild they will spread; if not, they will be selected against and become extremely rare or disappear.
These data indicate that Nef-mediated modulation of TCR-CD3 is required early in SIVsmm infection, but in certain cases becomes dispensable, or is even selected against, when the number of CD4+ target cells is low.
When such selection is weakened in the urochordate mitochondrial genomes containing CAU-tRNAMet and UAU-tRNAMet genes, the AUA codon is no longer strongly selected against, and PAUA becomes similar to PUUA.
The shorter (faster replicable) mutants of the parasitic mutants are heavily selected against due to the disadvantage of aggressive parasites: wherever they become abundant they exclude their metabolically cooperating "hosts" locally and they perish for lack of replication resources (monomers).
Many of these are expected to be deleterious and would presumably be selected against, but others should be neutral or positively selected and could therefore become fixed in the genome [ 30].
For differences among goby fish for example, strongly selected against.
Certain gene-controlled traits are selected for or selected against by the partners involved.
"It's absolutely clear why he got selected against all the odds," Southwood says.
Most loss of function mutations are selected against.
Clonal stable transfectants were selected against Geneticin®.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com